The aim of this paper is to consider whether critical rationalism has any ideas which could usefully be applied to the Internet.  Today we tend to take the Internet for granted and it is easy to forget that it was only about two decades ago that it began to be used to any significant extent. Accordingly in section 1 of the paper, there is a brief consideration of the history of the Internet.  At first sight this makes it looks implausible that any of Popper’s ideas could be applicable to the Internet, since Popper died before the Internet came into general use.  However, section 2 argues that Popper’s theory of World 3 does apply very well to the Internet.  This application is significant because, as shown in section 3, it leads to the problem of misinformation, which is one of the most significant problems generated by the Internet.  In section 4 there is an attempt to solve this problem using ideas taken from Popper’s epistemology. It is argued that there should be changes in education designed to prepare students for the Internet age. Teaching in the Internet age should focus on presenting to the students not just the accepted theories but also the evidence on which they are based. An illustration of how this might be done is given by considering an example from science teaching, namely the teaching of Newtonian mechanics in the last years of school or first years of university.

IntroductionInternet Businesses have now expanded significantly worldwide. One of the important fields in which Internet Businesses are used is charity. Internet Businesses of charitable institutions are one of the new topics that have been raised in the field of charity governance. The current research was conducted to design the Internet Business model of charitable institutions in the country. The Internet Business model allows charitable organizations to have information about the organization, financial aid opportunities, and resources available at all hours of the day and night, and the audience can access the organization anywhere in the world. Also, Internet platforms reduce the overhead costs associated with the traditional method of fundraising or face-to-face events, increase speed, and thus increase efficiency. Also, they will improve communication and interactions and be transparent and reliable about reporting. Research Methodology​In line with the purpose of this research, first, the theoretical basis of the field of Business models and Internet Business models as well as charitable institutions were studied and investigated. The methodology of the current research is qualitative and exploratory, and the thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. To answer the main question, first, semi-structured interviews were conducted with charity Internet Business owners, then the interviews were analyzed using the thematic analysis method. In this research, the components of the canvas model were used as the basis of the work due to their comprehensiveness and frequency of application in the field of practice, and the interview framework was set based on it. The qualitative research approach has been conducted with a fundamental orientation and inductive logic using the thematic analysis method.Research FindingsThe network of themes was extracted from the interviews with 353 basic themes, 51 organizing themes, and 10 overarching themes including value proposition, main activity, main resources, key partners, customers, relationships with customers, distribution channels, costs and income streams, and environment. Amending the upstream laws related to charities to facilitate the expansion of Internet charities in the country, the need to design the headquarters and institution of the upstream Supreme Council for the management of charities and Internet Businesses, improving the access of Internet Businesses to the virtual space, and considering suitable facilities for them were among the most important measures that should be placed on the agenda of policymakers to expand the online Business of charities. The final model of the research is in Figure 1.Figure 1 - The final research model Discussion and ConclusionThe current research was done in response to the main question, that is what is the model of Internet Business in charity organizations? This research was carried out with semi-structured interviews with experts in this field. After that, using theme analysis, all the interviews were reviewed and their themes were extracted, which include 353 basic themes, 51 organizing themes, and 10 overarching themes. The Internet Business model of charities was obtained based on the nine-component model of the well-known Business including value proposition, main activity, main resources, key partners, customers, relationships with customers, distribution channels, costs and income streams. Also, the environmental component and environmental restrictions were added as one of the new dimensions to the Business model of charities. In each of these components, explanations were provided according to the obtained themes, and the organizing themes were briefly described in each one.After examining the background of the research, it was found that the present article is different from previous studies. The difference is in creating a new framework for fundraising in charitable organizations on the World Wide Web (Internet). This is the main innovation of the current research and makes the current article uniquely different from previous research. This new framework allows charities to fundraise more effectively and efficiently. Unlike previous research that focused more on traditional and non-online methods, the current research has investigated and analyzed in the global network space and presented a comprehensive and innovative model for charity activities in the global network. This model can be used as a practical guide for charitable organizations and help to improve their performance and increase their productivity. 

Internet of things is considered as the most important high-level technology in the recent decades. Smart devices that are added to the Internet of Things ecosystem create a significant capacity for the development of electronic Businesses. Currently, we are witnessing the impact of the Internet on all sectors of society. With the growth of communication networks and the Internet of Things, tremendous changes are taking place in e-commerce. In this area, the effective integration of Internet of Things technology in electronic Business inventory management systems has the potential to create a huge transformation in the industrial and commercial parts. This article examines the effective integration of Internet of Things in the inventory management sector in the field of electronic Businesses and highlights its impact on system productivity, operational accuracy and customer satisfaction. By reviewing related research, this study presents how the Internet of Things can improve real-time inventory tracking, reduce operating costs and increase user satisfaction. However, challenges such as high initial costs, data security concerns and the need for technical expertise still exist, and future researches should focus on solving existing challenges and discovering new applications of the Internet of Things in the field of inventory management, in order to obtain its full and optimal potential.

The Qur'an contains religious values ​​for the advancement of man to happiness. The claim is that Quranic teachings are the basis of religious values; By choosing it better, the method of proving religious beliefs can be extracted. This research tries to extract the method of proving religious beliefs with a Business approach and by using artistic forms with a descriptive and analytical method and with a better selection of Quranic teachings. Based on the verses, the process was defined as the introduction to the institutionalization of religious values ​​in the Businessman 1- Gaining self-knowledge (knowing the talents, capacities, existential dimensions and position of man in the universe); 2- Gaining monotheistic insight (knowing the origin and your relationship with the Creator); 3- Reciprocity is (knowing the destination and drawing the path of happiness in the universe). After the realization of these three stages, the beliefs must be proven through rational and scientific reasoning and penetrate, in this case, the acceptance of good qualities in the Businessman will be facilitated.

For small and medium industrial enterprises (SME), operating in e-markets is considered as one of theirimportant objectives. However, the main question is whether these SMEs are ready to operate in these markets. The main objective of this study is to determine the level of e-Business readiness of industrial SMEs in the west of Iran, and to assess the level of their ability to participate and operate in e-markets. Due to taking a number of evaluative approaches to assess the readiness level of the firms, the research offers a new integrated framework. Our dataobtained from a survey results including all 156 SMEs in the western provinces of Iran: Kermanshah, Hamadan and Kurdistan. The results show that the level of e-readiness of the selected firms is considerably less than the expected level (0. 28). The findings also suggest that 0. 60 of the firms are in the information readiness level and about the same percentage (0. 57) in the brochure level. In other words, most of the firms are in the levels of information (PerServais) and brochure in e-Business (Levy and Powel). The regression analysis illustrates that the technology infrastructure with an estimated coefficient of 0. 87 and the factor of human resources with 0. 62 have the highest influences on the e-readiness index. JEL Classification: M15, M31, L81.

In recent times, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of circular Business models (CBM) in advancing environmental sustainability. However, the relationship between CBM and the Internet of Things (IoT) has received little attention in current academic discussions. This paper seeks to fill this gap by initially identifying four key capabilities of IoT—namely monitoring, tracking, optimization, and design evolution—using the ReSOLVE framework to enhance the performance of CBM. Subsequently, through a systematic literature review employing the PRISMA approach, the paper examines how these IoT capabilities contribute to the principles of "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Redesign, Remanufacture, and Recover" (the 6R) and CBM. The analysis utilizes cross-section heatmaps and relationship frameworks to elucidate the interaction between CBM and IoT. Additionally, the paper evaluates the quantitative impact of IoT on potential energy savings within CBM contexts. The findings underscore a predominant focus on assessments related to Loop and Optimize Business models, where IoT significantly aids through tracking, monitoring, and optimization capabilities. However, there is a noticeable scarcity of (quantitative) case studies concerning Virtualize, Exchange, and Regenerate CBM models, indicating the necessity for further research in these domains. Notably, IoT exhibits promise in reducing energy consumption by approximately 20–30% across referenced applications in the literature. Nonetheless, challenges such as IoT hardware, software and protocol energy consumption, interoperability, security, and financial investments may hinder its wider adoption in CBM practices.